What is an anterior resection and how long is recovery?

An anterior resection is one of the most common operations performed for rectal cancer, and it is a procedure I perform regularly using robotic surgical techniques. If you or someone you know has been advised to have this operation, here is a clear explanation of what it involves and what recovery looks like.

What is an anterior resection?

An anterior resection is the surgical removal of all or part of the rectum, the lower portion of the large bowel, along with the surrounding lymph nodes and fatty tissue. It is most commonly performed for cancer of the rectum or sigmoid colon. After removal of the affected segment, the two ends of the bowel are joined together in a procedure called an anastomosis, restoring continuity so that the patient can pass stools normally. A low anterior resection refers to the same operation performed for tumours in the lower rectum, closer to the anus. This is technically more demanding and requires precise surgical dissection in the confined space of the pelvis, an area where the robotic system's enhanced visualisation and dexterity offer significant advantages.

Will I need a stoma?

For many patients undergoing anterior resection, a temporary defunctioning ileostomy is formed at the time of surgery. This is a precautionary measure to protect the bowel join whilst it heals, diverting the bowel contents away from the anastomosis. In most cases, this stoma is reversed after approximately eight to twelve weeks, once the anastomosis has healed safely. Whether a stoma is required depends on the level of the resection, the patient's overall fitness, and the condition of the bowel at the time of surgery. This will be discussed with you in detail beforehand.

What does recovery involve?

Most patients undergoing robotic anterior resection are discharged within three to five days. Full recovery typically takes four to eight weeks, with most patients able to return to light activities within three to four weeks. Bowel function may be altered in the months following surgery; some patients experience increased frequency or urgency, a change known as anterior resection syndrome. This usually improves over time, and there are effective strategies to manage it.

Is it performed robotically?

Yes. I perform anterior resection robotically as my standard approach. The da Vinci system provides exceptional visualisation and precision in the pelvis, which is directly relevant to the quality of the oncological resection and the preservation of surrounding nerves that control bladder and sexual function.